Ankle Sprain
An ankle sprain implies a ligament injury to the ankle. The severity can vary from a mild stretch to a complete rupture of the ligament. One or a combination of ankle ligaments that surround the ankle can be injured; the most common by far is the lateral sprain, involving the ligaments on the outside of the ankle. When a twisting or rolling force is applied to the ankle that exceeds the ability of the ligaments to resist it, then stretching or tearing of the ligaments can occur. The ligament can avulse (pull off its bony attachment), the bone can break (ankle fracture), or a tear/stretch in the mid ligament. In basketball, the most common sprain occurs when a player comes down on another player's foot. The foot rolls inward (inverts) and a stretch the outer ankle ligament(s). Pain which accompanies an ankle sprain is characterized as acute, sharp and very localized. Often the ankle becomes moderately swollen after such an event and the ankle will become difficult to bend. Tenderness is usually present to a specific area of the ankle. Additionally it may be uncomfortable to bear weight through the ankle. The diagnosis of an ankle sprain can be made with physical examination by a physician and usually confirmed with an XR and/or an MRI
Recommendations:
- Consult a physician if you think you sprained your ankle
- Acute treatment starts with protection from further injury. Reduction of inflammation should begin as soon as possible. The RICE regimen (Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation) should be followed. Non-steroids may be considered if medical condition allows. Followed by a short period of immobilization.
- Stretch before, during, and after an activity, for muscle and tendon flexibility
- Vigorous ankle strengthening program and cross-training to build endurance and prevent injuries due to fatigue
- Preventive bracing may assist to minimize ankle injury
- Ankle Braces