Shoulder Dislocation (Shoulder Instability)
The shoulder joint is a shallow ball and socket joint similar to a golf ball sitting on a golf tee. The shoulder joint is held in place mainly by ligaments and muscles. A shoulder dislocation implies that the ball of the shoulder has completely come out of the socket. A true dislocation usually requires immediate medical attention to “reduce” or “relocate” the shoulder. A partial dislocation is called a subluxation which means that the ball becomes perched on the edge of the socket. Unlike a true dislocation a subluxation “pops” back in by itself. Both shoulder dislocation and subluxation can result in torn supporting ligaments and/or cartilage (labrum). The arm position which results in shoulder instability and dislocation is an overhead throwing position. Symptoms of a shoulder dislocation are immediate onset of sharp pain, swelling and deformity accompanied by the inability to move the arm. The diagnosis of a shoulder dislocation can be made with physical examination by a physician and usually confirmed with an XR. An MRI is often useful later to diagnosis torn ligaments and cartilage.
Recommendations:
- Consult a physician if you think you sustained a shoulder dislocation
- Acute treatment starts with reduction of inflammation - RICE regimen (Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation).
- Stretch before, during, and after an activity, to allow for more joint mobility
- A rotator cuff strengthening program can reduce the chances of developing a shoulder dislocation.
- Immobilization of the shoulder should initially take place in an Arm Sling and/or Shoulder Immobilizer
- A Shoulder Harness that attaches to the chest and arm may prevent excessive movement and rotation and prevent dislocation